Retrofitting Heavy Industry: Parallel Decarbonization Pathways in Marine Vessels and Mining
Executive Summary: Marine shipping and mining share a similar structural decarbonization constraint that cannot be resolved solely by newbuild strategies. Both operate massive fleets of long-lived assets: vessels with 20 to 25 years of service lives and haul trucks with 15-20+ years that will operate well beyond 2030. Retrofitting the existing fleet has become the […]